Do these methods affect special characters?

Frequently Asked Questions Python FAQ
1

Question

In the context of this exercise, do these methods affect special characters?

Answer

No, the methods in this exercise, .lower() .upper() and .title() will not affect special characters, which are any non-alphabetical and non-numeric characters. These methods will only apply to case-based characters, which include essentially all the alphabetical characters.

When applying these methods to strings with special characters, they will be treated similarly to how they apply to whitespace characters, which is also a type of special character, and one you might be familiar working with.

For example, here is how .title() would work for a string with some special characters,

string = "hello-world#!"
titled = string.title()

print(titled) # Hello-World#!

As we can see, each word, separated by a special character, was capitalized.

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2

Well, if I may add: special characters have no ‘case’ to begin with so…
of course they won’t be affected by these methods.

Just try to think of a lowercase !, or a capital # ? :wink:

I do appreciate the example given though, and the similarity of treating them like whitespace.

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3

What about letters with accents?

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4

Good question!
I use those in my work quite a bit so I tried it out:

testing_accent_letters = "émèritus âunqüe" why_not_romanian = "bunĂ dimIneaȚa" and_even_turkish = "tAnıŞtıĞımA" print(testing_accent_letters) print(testing_accent_letters.upper()) print("") print(why_not_romanian) print(why_not_romanian.title()) print("") print(and_even_turkish) print(and_even_turkish.lower()) print("")

Seems to work fine :slight_smile:

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